航天中航天员及其个人装备安全性分析

Safety Analysis for Astronaut and the Personal Protective Equipment.

目的分析研究航天中航天员及其个人装备的安全性。方法综合采用故障模式影响分析方法、故障树分析方法和危险分析方法等安全性分析方法。结果在航天中航天员及其个人装备中有多种潜在危险源。文章结合国外载人航天经验教训，对其中几种主要危险源的产生原因、可能导致的后果以及应采取的预防措施进行了详细分析讨论。结论这种分析研究有助于保证和提高航天员及其个人装备的安全性。

Objective To analyze and study astronaut and his personal equipment safety. Method Three of the most widely used approaches, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA),fault tree analysis (FTA) and system hazards analysis (SHA) were used. Result It was demonstrated that astronaut and the personal equipment are subjected to various potential hazards, such as human errors, astronaut illness, fire or space suit emergency decompression, etc. Their causes, mechanisms, possible effects and criticality of some critical potential hazards were analyzed and identified in more details with considerations of the historic accidents of manned spaceflight.And the compensating provisions and preventive measures for each hazard were discussed. Conclusion The analysis study may be helpful in enhancing the safety of the astronaut and its personal protective equipment.