覆盖对喷灌夏玉米植株生长和产量的影响

Effects of Mulching on Plant Growth and Yield of Summer Maize under Sprinkler Irrigation

在夏玉米生育期间设75%、65%、55%田间持水量3个灌水控制下限,研究地膜覆盖和不同秸秆覆盖量对喷灌夏玉米生长发育、产量、耗水量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,地膜覆盖能明显促进植株的生长,地膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖量大于7 500 kg/hm2处理的增产效果相当,覆盖增产效果均随着土壤水分的降低而增加。地膜覆盖处理耗水量最小,无覆盖的最大;秸秆覆盖处理的耗水量随着覆盖量的增加呈减少趋势,土壤水分越高的处理,覆盖节水量越多。地膜覆盖处理的水分利用效率(WUE)最高,比不覆盖处理提高50%以上;秸秆覆盖处理的WUE随着覆盖量的增加而增加,当覆盖量达到7 500 kg/hm2时,WUE的增加幅度变小。

75%, 65% and 55% of irrigation controlling lower limit were set up during the growing period of summer maize, effects of plastic film mulching and different quantity of straw mulching on growth, yield, water consumption and water use efficiency （WUE） of maize under sprinkler irrigation were studied. The results showed that plastic film mulching could significantly promote the growth of plants, and had the similar effects of yield increasing compared with the high quantity of straw mulching（more than 7 500 kg/ha）. The yield increasing rate of plastic film mulching and straw mulching increased with the decrease of soil moisture. The water consumption of summer maize was the smallest in plastic film mulching treatment and the largest in non-mulching treatment. Water consumption of summer maize in the straw mulching treatment had a reduced tendency with the increase of straw cover quantity. The higher soil moisture was the more water-saving of mulching. Water use efficiency （WUE） of plastic film mulching was the highest, and increased by more than 50% compared with non mulching treatment. WUE of straw mulching treatment increased with straw mulching quantity. When straw mulching quantity reached 7 500 kg/ha, the WUE increased a little.