中国工业废水达标排放的区域差异与收敛分析

Regional difference and convergence of standardized discharge of industrial waste water in China

水体中污染物主要来自人们的生产和生活活动。工业发展所排放的大量工业废水不仅影响着人们的饮水安全,也给生态环境带来一定程度的破坏。本文以工业废水排放达标率为着眼点,对1998~2008年我国八大区域工业废水达标排放的区域差异进行了σ收敛和β收敛分析。研究表明,中国区域间工业废水达标排放的总体差异没有呈现出显著的σ收敛。从各区域的时间差异来看,西南区域的差异最大,东部沿海区域的差异最小。通过绝对β收敛和条件β收敛模型验证发现,中国区域间工业废水达标排放的总体差异正在缩小,各区域的初始水平是影响收敛的关键因素,工业增加值的年增长率也起到一定程度的作用。

Water resource is a necessity of life for us.Water pollution is an important restriction factor in the process of China＇s sustainable development.Water pollutants are mainly from our production and living including industrial waste water,domestic sewage and agricultural waste water.China has reduced discharge of waste water and has strived to protect water environment in recent years,but industrial waste water is still a major source of water pollutants.And with more and more industrial enterprises＇ establishment and development in China,a large amount of the discharge of industrial waste water can do great damage to the water environment and pose a serious threat to the safety of drinking water because industrial waste water contains large quantities of heavy metal ions.So on the one hand we should know the regional difference of standardized discharge of industrial waste water among these regions including temporal difference in each region and spatial difference in each year,on the other hand we must know whether the regional difference is becoming larger in order to make the relevant policies on water protection.Based on the attainment rate of industrial waste water standardized discharge,this paper examines regional difference of standardized discharge of China＇s industrial waste water among eight regions through σ convergence and β convergence during the period 1998—2008.The results show that there is no significant σ convergence about regional difference of standardized discharge of industrial waste water in China＇s eight regions during the same period.From the aspect of the time we can see that the spatial difference is not always becoming small in each year,although the trend is becoming small.As far as the temporal difference of China＇s eight regions is concerned,the in regional difference Southwest China is the largest among eight regions,while eastern coastal region presents the smallest difference.The model of absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence shows that the overall regional difference of standardized discharge of industrial waste water in China is becoming small,initial conditions in each region are critical factors narrowing the differences,and annual growth rate of industrial value-added plays a role as well.Thus these results could help to provide suggestions to policies making for water protection.