大鼠视神经损伤视网膜病理改变的实验研究

Pathological changes of rat's retina after the optic nerve injuries

目的研究现神经损伤早期视网膜的病理改变。方法采用大鼠球后视神经横断伤和钳夹伤模型，观察视网膜组织学及超微结构的改变。结果1）光镜：早期表现为神经纤维层血管扩张，损伤后7、14天可见散在的核染色质边聚。空化的节细胞。2）电镜：损伤后1天节细胞出现胞浆成分疏松，内质网扩张等变性样改变，横断伤3天及钳夹伤7天可见节细胞坏死，部分节细胞凋亡。结论视神经损伤导致节细胞出现迟发性死亡，提示早期治疗具有重要意义。

Objective To study the histological and ultrastructural changes of retina after the optic nerve injuries. Methods Intraorbital optic nerve axotomy and crush model of rat were used to observe the retina changes under electron microscope (EM) and ligh microscope(LM). Results LM:Vasodilatation was showed in nerve fiber layer at early stage, Partly retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) showed chromation margination or vacuolar in ganglion cell layer on day 7 and 14. EM: RGCs showed endopasmic reticulum dilated, mitochondria swollen and some nuclei furrowed on day 1 for injuries.RGCs died on day 3 in axotomy groups and on day 7 in crush groups,profiles of dead ganglion cells were encoumtered with time. Simultaneously,some HGCs showed apoptosis.Conclusion RGCs show delay death after optic nerve injuries, suggesting that early treatment shauld be beneficial in preventing the RGCs delay death.