身体、社会与体育——西方学者视野下的体育

Body,Society and Sport——Sport in the View of Western Socialist

就西方体育人文社会学研究的3个主要阶段进行梳理,介绍在西方社会学理论的指导下,体育研究的视野是如何从身体转向社会,又从社会再回归到身体的。从早期人们对体育的关注来看,无论是从生理、心理,还是从道德方面入手,学者们大多把对体育的关注点放在了个人的身体活动上;第2阶段西方学者们逐渐把体育作为一个社会制度和文化现象来进行研究;第3个阶段,体育研究的视角逐渐从宏观、抽象的社会制度回归到了对体育最基本的载体——身体的论述上,并赋予了身体更深的文化和政治涵义。在这个转变过程中,社会学理论起到了巨大的指导作用。

This paper reviewed the three important stages of the development of sociology of sport in the West.It discussed how the theoretical perspectives to sport had been changed from body to society;and from society to body.The early study of sport in the West mainly focused on the physical body no matter through the physiological or psychological dimensions.On the second stage,some scholars started to realise that sport was a social institution and cultural phenomenon,which should be analysed in connection with the entire social structure and cultural context.On the third stage,the sports study gradually drew back its attention from society to body.However,this body in sport was no longer a physical body,it has been offered a new cultural meaning,which represents social power and political ideology.The social theories have contributed to the development of the study of sport extensively and intensively.