进化·退化:人类体质的演变及其成因分析——体质人类学视角

Evolution and Degeneration:The Evolvement of Human Physique and Its Cause Analysis——From the Perspective of Physical Anthropology

从体质人类学视角考察人类不同期体质的特征,探寻古今人类体质特征演变的原因和规律。结果显示:人类体质演变是一个极其复杂漫长的过程,会受到许多因素的影响,归纳起来包括:遗传变异是前提,自然选择是动力,环境适应是基础,直立行走是关键,用进废退是机制,劳动、食物、工具改进是"推进器",体力活动是重要的制约因素。人类体质演变规律有:整体演变的渐进性、各部位演变的非同步性、演变动力的差异性、进化退化的并行性、演变速度的加速性。

From the perspective of physical anthropology,this paper surveyed physical characteristics of human from different periods,examined the reasons and laws of human physical characteristics＇ evolvement.The result showed that the evolvement of human physique is an extremely complicated lengthy process,it is affected by many factors,including that genetic variation is the prerequisite,natural selection is the driving force,environmental adaptation is the basis,upright walking is the key,law of use and disuse is the mechanism,labor,food,tools are the ＂propellers＂,and physical activity is an important constraint.Evolvement law of the human physique includes：the gradualness of overall evolvement,the non-synchronism of different parts＇ evolvement,the differentiation in evolvement dynamics,the parallelism of evolution and degradation,and the acceleration of evolvement rate.