南疆葡萄采后致病菌分离鉴定及拮抗菌的筛选

Separation and Identification of Pathogens and Screening of Antagonistic Microorganisms Against Postharvest Grapes

【目的】研究葡萄采后致病菌的种类、致病规律和拮抗菌筛选,为葡萄采后保鲜和寻找安全有效的微生物抗菌剂奠定基础。【方法】采用组织块分离法从健康果实和腐烂果实上得到致病菌和拮抗菌,运用平板对峙法检测拮抗菌的拮抗效果。【结果】引起葡萄采后腐烂的病原菌主要是真菌:灰霉、黑曲霉、青霉、根霉、链格孢和拟茎点霉等6个属。其中黑曲霉和根霉是葡萄在常温运输过程中的主要致腐菌,而灰霉、交链孢和青霉是葡萄在低温贮运过程中的主要致腐菌。健康葡萄上分离出7种细菌分离物,5种有明显的拮抗效果,其中细菌2和细菌3的抑菌效果最好。【结论】不同的葡萄品种采后致病菌的种类不同,其致病规律也不同;筛选具有较好抑菌效果的微生物,为生物防治葡萄腐烂提供理论基础。

[ Objective] In order to find out safe and effective antimicrobial agent for the grape harvest preservation, the pathogenetic species, pattern and regularity were studied, and antagonistic microorganisms were screened. [Method] Pathogenic and antagonistic microorganisms were obtained from healthy fruits and decay fruits by tissue separation, and the antagonistic effect was tested by plate confrontation. [ Result]The result showed that these pathogens including Botrytis cinerea , Aspergillus uiger , Penicillium spp, Rhizopus stolorifer , Altemaria spp, Phomopsis spp were the main ones. Some were high temperature Pathogens （over 25 ℃）, and the others are the major pathogens below 15℃. The inoculation experiments through two pathways of the wounded and the non- wounded showed that different pathogen to different parts of the grape had different invasions. Seven kinds of bacteria were separated from the healthy grapes. Five kinds of them have obvious effects; the best effect was the No. 2 and the No. 3 bacteria. [ Conclusion]The different varieties of grapes had different pathogenic species and regularity. It was the theoretical basis that the better antagonistic microorganisms were screened, which will succeed in preventing grapes from decaying.