当代美国大都市区交通拥堵的治理措施

The Traffic Congestion of Contemporary American Metropolitan Areas and Its Management

20世纪70年代以来,交通拥堵已经成为美国大都市区最严重的社会问题之一,因而受到各级政府和社会各界越来越多的关注。为了解决交通拥堵及其产生的社会危害,美国各级政府、民间团体和私人企业等采取了一系列措施,比如扩建公路、发展公共交通、推行共同乘车计划、建立高密度混合开发且公交友好的社区等。然而实施这些措施并没有有效地缓解交通拥堵问题,其根本症结在于汽车、公路和城市低密度蔓延这三者间的互动关系没有得到根本的改善。

The traffic congestion of contemporary American metropolitan areas has been becoming more and more serious.At the same time,a new trend has appeared for the traffic congestion since the 1970s,that is,the traffic congestion has spread out from the central cities to the suburban areas.In order to solve the problem,each level of governments,public organizations and private enterprises all have taken various measures,such as building more roads,developing transits,carrying out ridesharing programs,building high density and mixed land use communities,etc.But these measures did not tackle the traffic congestion effectively.The crux of the problem lies in the lack of an essential improvement in the interaction among the vehicles,the roads and the urban sprawl.