超高产夏直播花生生育动态及生理特性研究

Developmental Dynamics and Physiological Characteristics of Super High-yielding Summer-planting Peanut

在大田条件下,研究麦田夏直播地膜覆盖花生7 500kg/hm2产量水平下植株的生育动态及生理特性。结果表明,夏直播花生营养生长出现在结荚期之前,植株的主茎、侧枝、叶龄和分枝数的净增长速率均在出苗后30～40d达到高峰,出苗后70～80d基本不再增加。叶面积指数、光合势、叶绿素含量及干物质积累量均在结荚中期(出苗后60～70d)达到高峰;叶片SOD、POD和CAT 3种抗衰老酶活性及可溶性蛋白含量的变化基本一致,均呈现先升高后降低的单峰变化趋势,高峰期出现在结荚中期。MDA含量在整个生育期呈逐渐上升的趋势,从结荚中期开始上升速度明显加快。根据试验结果,提出了夏直播花生7 500kg/hm2的生育指标。

Plant growth dynamics and physiological characteristics of summer-planting peanut on plastic film mulching after wheat harvest were studied.The results showed that the vegetative growth of summer-planting peanut was mainly in the early pod development.The net growth rates of stem height,branch length of peanut plants,the leaves number,branch number,reached the peak in 30 to 40 days after emergence and basically stopped growing in 70 to 80 days after emergence.Leaf area index,photosynthetic potential,chlorophyll content and dry matter accumulation also reached the peak in the middle of the pod development（60 to 70 days after emergence）.The trends of SOD,POD,CAT activities of summer-planting peanut leaves were almost the same.The MDA content gradually increased in the whole growing period but significantly increased from the middle of pod develpment.The developmental index of summer-planting peanut was at the yield of 7500kg/hm2.