吉林市部分男性膳食模式与肥胖、高血压和血糖异常的关系

Relationship of Dietary Pattern with Obesity,Hypertension and Diabetes in Chinese Men in Jilin City

目的了解膳食模式与肥胖、血压、血糖相关性。方法对吉林市731名18～60岁男性进行血糖、血压、体格检查以及膳食调查,利用聚类分析法构建膳食模式。结果聚类分析结果得出3类膳食模式,第一类膳食模式人群奶制品和动物性食物的摄入量偏高,所以命名为西方膳食模式;第二类膳食模式人群谷类和薯类的摄入量偏高,动物性食物的摄入量偏低,命名为中国传统膳食模式;第三类模式人群豆制品、蔬菜、水果摄入量高,命名为健康膳食模式。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,控制社会经济因素之后,与传统膳食模式人群比较西方膳食模式人群肥胖(OR=3.49,95%CI:2.17～5.61)、高血压(OR=1.61,95%CI:1.06～2.46)、空腹血糖异常(OR=2.17,95%CI:1.16～4.09)发病危险性增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但进一步控制肥胖后高血压发病率差异无统计学意义。结论西方膳食模式对慢性疾病的影响大于传统膳食模式,在膳食模式改变中应保持传统膳食模式的优点。

Objective To understand the dietary patterns and its relation with obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in some Chinese male in Jilin city, China. Methods Data of BMI, BP, and FBG were obtained from 731 male residents receiving regular health examination in 2009. Cluster analysis identified three dietary patterns with 12 food groups. Results There were 3 kinds of dietary patterns by cluster analysis. The first dietary pattern was named western pattern （W）, due to high intake of milk, meat, poultry, and eggs. The second dietary pattern was named tradition pattern （T）, because of greater intake of grain and potatoes, and less intake of animal food. The third dietary pattern named healthy pattern （H）, it＇ most strongly associated with intake of bean, vegetable, and fruits. After adjusted by social-economic factors, the prevalence rates of obesity （OR =3.49,95% CI：2.17-5.61）, hypertension （OR= 1.61, 95%CI： 1.06-2.46）, and abnormal fasting blood glucose （OR=2.17, 95%CI： 1.16-4.09） were significantly higher in W pattern compared with T pattern, but were no significance in the prevalence of hypertension after adjusted by obesity. Conclusion The western dietary pattern was more harmful factors on chronic disease than traditional dietary pattern. So, in chan^e of dietary ~atterns, we should maintain the advantazes of the traditional dietary pattern.