生存加工:一种独特而强大的记忆编码程序

Survival Processing: A Special and Powerful Memory Encoding Procedure

记忆是进化的产物。生存是人类面临的首要问题,在进化过程中生存压力可能塑造了记忆的有关特征。生存加工比控制条件使信息有更好的记忆表现,产生稳定的记忆优势,这就是所谓的记忆生存优势效应。而传统的编码程序,如图式加工、关系加工、一致性、精细加工、努力程度、情绪激活、熟悉度、新异性及自我参照等,均不能解释生存优势。因此,生存加工很可能是一种新的独特而强大的记忆编码程序。最后文章指出未来研究应重视生存加工的神经机制、跨文化、儿童群体及错误记忆等方面的研究。

It is well known that memory system evolved. Survival pressures, a primary adaptive problem the human has been facing, had shaped some characters of memory system. Recent researches found memory performance is better in survival processing procedure than in other processing procedures, which is named as survival advantage of memory. A lot of experiments indicated survival processing may be a special and powerful memory encoding procedure, which is different from many memory encoding procedures, such as schematic processing, relational processing, congruity effect, elaboration, effortful processing, emotional arousal, familiarity, novelty, and self-reference, and so on. At last the authors suggested that in future researches we should focus on： 1） neural mechanisms of survival processing; 2） children as subjects; 3） effect of different areas and cultures; 4） false memory of survival processing.