加强患者健康教育对控制血液透析患者高血压的影响

Improvement of hypertension control in hemodialysis patients through intensive medical care and health education

目的调查分析维持性血液透析患者高血压的危险因素,加强患者健康教育,提高血压达标率。方法对177例透析患者进行调查问卷。分析血压控制不达标的原因,有针对性进行健康教育和医疗干预。结果合并高血压维持性血液透析患者112例,其中68例血压未达标(>140/90mmHg)。血压未达标患者的透析间期体质量增长率较血压达标患者高,分别为(6.18±1.83)%和(5.19±1.60)%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。加强患者健康教育,进行医疗护理干预2个月后,血压未达标者透析间期体质量增长量较干预前减少,收缩压和舒张压较干预前均有所下降。结论对透析患者进行相关知识的宣教有助于患者控制体质量增长,降低血压。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hypertension in maintenance heamodialysis （MHD） patients,and to improve hypertension control through the intervention of intensive medical care and health education.Methods Questionnaires about hypertension was conducted in a total of 177 patients on MHD. According to the results of questionnaires,the risk factors of hypertension were analyzed.Medical care and health education on these risk factors were then conducted.Results In the 177 patients,112 were complicated with hypertension.The patients with hypertension were divided into two groups based on the blood pressure before dialysis：controlled group（blood pressure≤140/90mmHg,n=44） and uncontrolled group（blood pressure140/ 90mmHg,n=68）.The percentage of weight gain between dialysis was higher in uncontrolled group than in controlled group.After two months of intensive medical care,the amount of weight gain between dialysis reduced in the uncontrolled group,and control of hypertension achieved in more patients.Conclusion Hypertension is a common feature in MHD patients,and uncontrolled hypertension exists in most of them.Medical care and health education are effective for these patients to control the interdialysis weight gain and hypertension.