核医学从业人员的职业暴露与放射防护

Occupational exposure and radiation protection of nuclear medicine professional staffs

职业暴露是指由于职业关系而暴露在危险因素中，从而有可能损害健康或危及生命的一种情形。该文介绍了有关职业暴露的基本概念以及核医学从业人员职业暴露的特点，并对国内外近年来迅猛发展的核医学诊疗趋势进行了分析。文章中对核医学外照射防护的三要素即时间、距离和屏蔽防护进行了重点描述，同时对孕妇胎儿、PET—CT检查和低剂量辐射生物效应等近年来在辐射防护领域中的研究热点作了文献回顾。

An occupational exposure occurs during the performance of job duties and may place a worker at risk of infection in terms of heahh or life. In this review the basic concept of occupational exposure and the characteristics of occupational exposure in nuclear medicine practice were introduced at first. And then introduced the global rapid trends in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine modalities applied in medical procedure. The external radiation protection in nuclear medicine practice mainly including time, distance and shielding were emphasized. Moreover, a literature retrospective review was undertaken focusing the hot topics in radiation protection fields, like pregnancy, fetal, PET-CT and radiation low-dose biological effects.