山西太岳山油松群落对采伐干扰的生态响应

The ecological responses of Pinus tabulaeformis forests in Taiyue Mountains of Shanxi to artificial Harvesting

以太岳山的油松林为对象,选择受不同采伐干扰强度和恢复时间的4块样地,通过固定标准地群落的调查获得数据资料,选用丰富度指数、S impson指数(λ)、Shannon-W iener指数(H′)、均匀度指数(E1)和Jaccard、Sprenson两种相似性指数,研究油松林对不同采伐方式生态响应,探讨不同采伐干扰强度和恢复时间下油松林生物多样性变化和更新演替规律。研究结果表明:(1)受采伐干扰的样地中阳性植物的种类明显增多,随着恢复时间的增长,植物处于生长逐步旺盛、物种逐步丰富的阶段,其种类组成表现出由简单到复杂、由喜阳植物垄断到耐阴种类不断增多、种类由少变多的动态特征。(2)适度的择伐可以提高群落整体的多样性,但皆伐则降低了群落的综合物种多样性。(3)受相同择伐强度干扰后,群落之间保持了最高的相似性,皆伐干扰使群落环境有了本质的变化,与天然林的物种相似性最低。(4)受采伐干扰后形成的次生林内,恢复初期中更新幼苗幼树出现6个树种,主要以油松和辽东栎(Quercus liaodungensi)为主。天然林中的环境最有利于油松幼苗的生长,择伐后恢复初期18 a间幼树数量最高,幼苗数量最低,皆伐后更新幼苗幼树数量最少,环境条件最不利于更新。

The ecological responses of Pinus tabulaeformis to harvesting have been of great concern in forest ecological research in recent years. Pinus tabulaeformis forest plays an important role in forest regeneration ecology and forestry in warm temperate regions. However, the distribution range of the Pinus tabulaeformis forests has been continuously decreased together with the reduced productivity of the forest for the exportation due to the anthropogenic activities. The forest resources is at the edge of exhausting. This paper studied the ecological responses of Pinus tabulaeformis forests to the harvesting. In addition, we investigated the diversity of Pinus tabulaeformis forests and the law of regeneration and succession under different disturbance intensity and time recovery using richness index, Simpson, Shannon-Wiener, Evenness indices, Jaccard, and Spreson indicators. The objective of our study was to understand the characteristics, the diversity, and natural regeneration, in order to understand the fundamental conditions of forest community ahead and have a good knowledge of the characters of the plant community in this area, and provide theoretical basis for the protection of the diversity and the sustainable exploration. Our results demonstrated that ： （ 1 ） The species and the amount of community were influenced by harvesting. At the initial stage of harvesting disturbance, sun plants increased observably, however, the species are richer gradually. The ingredients display the characters from the simplicity to complex, from the monopoly of sun plants to the increase of the species of shade plants. （2） Appropriate harvesting increased the diversity of the forest community, but clear harvesting decreased the diversity of the comprehensive species diversity. （3） After disturbance by the same harvesting, the highest similarity of species could be observed between communities. Clear harvesting changed the condition of communities thoroughly and the similarity was different from the natural forest. （4） Six regenerative species could be observed mainly including Pinus abulawformis and Quercus liaodungensi in the secondary forest disturbed by harvesting. The sapling amount reached the peak at the 18-year of harvesting Pinus abulawformis forest and reached its bottom after the artificial harvesting.