从“象物”叙事看《山海经》之零散论成因

Reasons of Scatter of the Shanhai Jing

"象物"一语,屡见于先秦典籍。由此引申出象物叙事的概念:"象物"的神话记录。具体而言:其产生背景与巫术活动的神话讲述密切相关;其表现形式是富于神话内容的图像;其心理动机是通过图像的形式达到通神和辟邪的目的;其物质载体是具有宗教意义的祭祀用物。从该角度推论,《山海经》有图且为古图,其神话的零散成因有三点。其一,今人无法感受"象物叙事"赖以形成的具体历史背景,无法感受与象物叙事的神话讲述;其二,《山海经》据以成文的"象物"之图遗失,造成神话讲述信息的流失;其三,"象物叙事"本身由宗教向礼教演化。

The term ＂image＂ frequently happened in the works of early Qing dynasty.＂Image Narrate＂ means the images of fairy-tale records.Specifically,the establishment of the image closely connected with the occult activities and fairy-tales,whose denominator was images rich in fairy-tale contents.Its psychology motivation was to achieve the purpose of spiritualistic or against evil spirits by means of images;its material carrier were articles used in sacrificial ceremony.Form this aspect,the reasons of scatter in the Shanhai Jing were the followings：1.the history background of the founding of the image narrate beyond modern feelings and cannot understand the fairy-tale narration.2.the missing of the images resulted to the lost of information.3.the image narrate itself evolving from religion to the Confucians.