春季低温冻害下不同栽培因子对小麦产量的影响

Contribution of Different Culture Factors to Wheat Yield under Spring Low Temperature Freezing Injury Condition

为了有效提高小麦对春季低温的抗冻性,笔者在山西临汾采用均匀设计、逐步回归和综合贡献值方法,开展了春季低温冻害下不同栽培因子对小麦产量贡献的研究。结果表明,在受到春季低温冻害后,不同栽培因子对产量贡献的序列为:底施磷(P2O5)量>起身期追施纯氮量>底施纯氮量>播种密度或播前灌水量>起身期灌水量>底施钾(K2O)量>灌浆期灌水量或灌浆期灌水时间距成熟期天数;各耦合因素正互作效应对产量的贡献序列为:播种密度与播前灌水量>底施纯氮量与起身期追施纯氮量>起身期追施纯氮量与灌水量>灌浆期灌水量与灌浆期灌水时间距成熟期天数,各耦合因素对产量存在负互作效应的为底施纯氮量与底施钾(K2O)量;研究还明确了春季低温冻害小麦的最高产量(3692.34kg/hm2)的各栽培因子优化组合。该项研究为春季低温冻害小麦实现高产提供了技术支撑。

In order to effectively improve freezing resistance of winter wheat to spring low temperature, the contribution of different cultural factors to kernel yield of winter wheat was investigated under spring low temperature freezing injury condition by uniform experiment design, stepwise regression and general contribution method. Investigation results showed that the influence order of different culture factors on yield was applied amount of phosphorus （P 2 O 5 ） as base fertilizer applied amount of pure nitrogen as top dressing at double ridge stage applied amount of pure nitrogen as base fertilizer plant density or irrigation quantity before sowing irrigation quantity at rising stage applied amount of potash （K 2 O） as base fertilizer irrigation quantity at filling stage or interval days between irrigation time at filling stage and maturity. The contribution of coupling factors displaying positive interaction effect were also listed in an descending sequence, i.e., plant density and irrigation quantity before sowing applied amount of pure nitrogen as base fertilizer and applied amount of pure nitrogen as top dressing at double ridge stage applied amount of pure nitrogen as base fertilizer at double ridge stage and irrigation quantity irrigation quantity at filling stage or interval days between irrigation time at filling stage and maturity. There was negative interaction effect between the applied amount of pure nitrogen as base fertilizer and the applied amount of pure potash （K 2 O） as base fertilizer. The best combination of different culture factors for obtaining the highest yield （3692.34 kg/hm 2 ） was given under spring low temperature freezing injury condition.