用化学方法脱除赤霉病麦毒素的研究

DETOXIFICATION STUDY OF DEOXYNIVALENOL IN WHEAT WITH CHEMICAL METHODS

对天然污染脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（ＤＯＮ）毒素的小麦，进行机械加工去皮和化学 试剂处理脱毒。结果机械加工去皮可以去除２３．６％～３４．７％的ＤＯＮ毒素。化学试剂处理中， 对麦粒的脱毒效果以 ０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ碳酸钠为最好，去毒效果达到 ８２．１％～８５．０％，平均为 ８３．９％；其次是１％亚硫酸氢钠，其ＤＯＮ降低率为６９．９％；４％过氧化氢和５％石灰水对ＤＯＮ 降低率分别为 ４５．１％和２１．８％；对麸皮的脱毒效果也以 ０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ碳酸钠为最好，去毒效果 达８９．６％～９１．２％，平均９０．４％；４％甲醛和５％石灰水对ＤＯＮ降低率分别为刀７３．９％和 ５２．１％。试验结果还表明，０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ碳酸钠和 ５％石灰水清液去除小麦麸皮的ＤＯＮ效果要 比去除麦粒的ＤＯＮ效果好，它们之间的差异达到显著水平和极显著水平。

The wheat contaminated with naturally deoxynivalenol (DIN) was treated with de hulling and chemical reagents to reduce DON content. Dehulling can reduce 23. 6 % ~ 34. 7 % DON toxin. Decontamination efficiency of 0. 1mol/L sodium carbonate was the best, up to 83. 9 %, the following method was 1% sodium hydrogen bisulfite, reduction rate of DON was 69. 9%. Average reduction of DON with treatment of 4% hydrogen peroxide and 5 % lime wash were 45. 1 and 21. 8% respectively. Wheat bran contaminated DON was treated with chemical reagents. Results demonstrated that DON reduction rate with 0. 1mol/L sodium carbonate was up to 90. 4%. Reduction rate of DON using 4% methanal and 5 % limewash were 73. 9 and 52. 1 % respectively. The results showed that the reduction rate of DON using 0. 1mol/L sodium carbonate and 5 % limewash for wheat bran was better than for wheat ker nal. Their difference was up to significant level and very significant level.