壁蜂传粉对红富士苹果坐果及品质的影响

EFFECT OF POLLINATION BY CONCAVE LIP WALL BEE ON FRUIT SETTING AND FRUIT QUALITY OF RED FUJI

通过田间试验揭示了凹唇壁蜂(OsmiaexcavaAtik)作为红富士苹果传粉媒体,对提高坐果和改善品质的作用,同时研究了影响该昆虫有效传粉的若干因子。结果表明:凹唇壁蜂的有效活动范围在距蜂巢60m半径的区域内,在该范围内,距蜂巢不同距离的供试树的坐果率指标无明显差异,但处理株平均坐果率都极显著地高于超过该范围的对照树,坐果率比对照提高81%～111%。弱树自然坐果率低,凹唇壁蜂传粉提高弱树坐果率效果更为明显。经凹唇壁蜂传粉,红富士苹果种子数、单果重和果形指数增加,但并未影响果实的着色和硬度。

Effect of the concave lip wall bee (Osmia excava Atik) on increasing fruit setting rate and improving fruit quality of Red Fuji apple was studied. In the meantime,some behavior of this bee was also studied. The results showed that:the efficient pollination area by the bee was a circularity of 60 meters in radius. The rate of setting fruit was of no significant difference among the individuals in the area and higher from 81 to 111 percentage than control plot.The effect of increasing fruit setting for the weak trees was more obvious than that for the strong trees.The pollination of this wall bee affected seed number, fruit weight and fruit shape index significantly.But,fruit hardness and fruit color were not changed.