山西晋北三种类型大豆的核型分析

KARYOTYPE ANALYSIS OF THREE TYPES OF SOYBEAN OF NORTH SHANXI PROVINCE

本文对山西省北部三种不同生态类型大豆（小黑豆、大黑豆、黄豆）进行了核型分析。结果表明：三种大豆体细胞染色体数均为２ｎ＝ ４０，主要由中部和亚中部着丝点染色体组成。三种大豆只有一对位于最长染色体上的随体，而且随体染色体形态相近，三种大豆的核型公式分别为：小黑豆２ｎ＝ ２ｘ＝ ４０＝ ２８ｍ ＋ １２ｓｍ （２ＳＡＴ）；大黑豆２ｎ＝２ｘ ＝ ４０＝ ６Ｍ＋ １８ｍ ＋ １２ｓｍ ＋ ４ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）；黄豆２ｎ＝ ２ｘ＝ ４０＝ ２Ｍ ＋ ３０ｍ ＋ ８ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）。从核型分析中可以看出三个品种的染色体比较对称。说明大豆的核型进化是由不对称向对称方向演化，也充分证明大豆是一种多型性的植物。

The present paper reports karyotypes of three types of soybean Xiaoheidou, Daheidou and Huangdou. Results are as follows: The chromosomal number of somatic cells of three types of soybean are all 40, and are mainly median and submedian chromosomes. Only one pair of satellites was found in each type, and attached to the largest chromosomes. Xiaoheidou was found to have the karyotype 2n=40=28m+12sm(2SAT);Daheidou was shown to have the karyotype 2n=40=6M+18m+12sm+4st(2SAT);Huangdou had the karyotype 2n=2M+30m+8sm(2SAT). Karyotypes of the three types suggest that soybean had been evolving from unsymmetry to symmetry in karyotype. The diversity of karyotypes of soybean also suggest that it is a plant having several ecotypes.