暖冷年对选择小麦越冬性和抽穗期的影响

Influence of Warm Winter and Cold Winter Year on Wintering Ability and Heading Stage in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

为选育强冬性、冬冷年正常成熟的小麦新品种,解决小麦生产上经常出现的冻害及其导致的小麦迟熟问题,对河北科技师范学院2008—2009年度(冬暖年)、2009—2010年度(冬冷年)冬小麦杂种高代材料的枯死度、分蘖节入土深度、抽穗期进行了比较研究。研究表明:分蘖节入土深度与越冬死亡率的相关系数为-0.6185,呈极显著差异;枯死度与越冬死亡率的相关系数为0.1635,差异不显著,分蘖节入土深度选择方法优于枯死度选择法,尤其是冬暖年枯死度选择法可靠性较差。冬冷年对小麦抽穗期带来不同程度的滞后,2008—2009年度(冬暖年)与2009—2010年度(冬冷年)比较,2009—2010年度小麦的抽穗期推迟了7天～14天,与冬暖年形成显著的差值。分析表明:其差值越大的材料,温光反应往往越敏感,差值越小,温光反应往往越迟钝。该研究认为利用分蘖节入土深度及冬暖年、冬冷年抽穗期的差值作为选择指标,选育强冬性、温光反应迟钝的小麦品种是可行的。

For breading the new wheat varieties which have strong resistance to winter and mature normally in Cold Winter Year and solve the problems of freeze injury and late-maturing usually happened in wheat production,we study comparatively the death degree,buried depth of tillering node and heading stage of high hybrid winter wheat generation materials from Hebei Normal University of Science Technology in 2008-2009 year（warm winter year） and 2009-2010 year（cold winter year） .The results showed that the related coefficient between depth of tillering node and death rate in winter was-0.6185,and they were in extremely notable difference,the related coefficient between the death degree and death rate in winter was 0.1635,and they were not in notable difference,and selection method of buried depth of tillering node was superior to the method of death degree,especially in warm winter the death degree had bad reliability.Cold winter year could make heading stage of winter wheat lag behind in different degrees.We compared 2008-2009 year（warm winter year） with 2009-2010 year（cold winter year） and found that the heading stage of wheat in 2009-2010 year was postponed by 7-14 days and make notable differences compared with warm winter year.The bigger differences between them,the more sensitive the temperature and light reaction was,and the smaller and the more slowness.Our research put forward that it is practicable to select and breed new strong winter wheat varieties which is slowness in temperature and light reaction on the basic of using the index of deep buried oftillering node and the D-value of heading stage in cold winter year and warm winter year.