二氧化碳捕获与地质封存项目进展及启示

Progress and Implications of Carbon Dioxide Capture and Geological Storage Projects

CCS技术已成为温室气体减排的关键技术之一,美国、加拿大、澳大利亚及一些欧洲国家都投入大量资金积极开展相应的发展计划。在未来10年内,CCS技术的研究将聚焦于降低成本、提高捕获率和评价不同封存方式的优劣等方面。从目前来看,各国CCS优先发展方向大致相似,捕获技术主要集中在发电厂CCS技术利用;封存技术主要集中于驱油、驱煤层气及深部咸水层封存方面。不过,具体的技术方向也有所差别。CCS技术将在中国实现未来减排目标中发挥重要作用,但目前研究工作尚处于起步阶段。除了一些共性的问题,我国CCS技术发展还有一些尚需克服的障碍。如缺乏顶层设计与管理,尚未制定发展路线图,缺乏战略性的引导,缺乏系统性的评估;同时CCS技术存在不确定性、成本昂贵。需要研究和制定一套政策和规章制度来保障商业规模的CCS示范与部署,进行体制机制与政策创新,研究和制定中国CCS路线图,做好发电厂和其他工业升级或配备CCS的准备,同时应加强国际合作。

Carbon dioxide capture and storage（CCS） technology is one of key approaches to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.The United States,Canada,Australia and some European countries have invested a large amount of money in developing this technology.Over the next 10 years,the research of CCS technology will focus on reducing cost,raising capture rate and assessing the pros and cons of different storage methods.Up to now,the areas each country has given priority to in developing CCS are similar.The development of capture technology focuses on the utilization of CCS technology in power plants and that of storage technology focuses on oil and coalbed methane displacement and storage in deep saline aquifers.However,there are still differences in specific technical trends in different countries.CCS technology will play an important role in helping China achieve its greenhouse gas emission reduction objectives although the research of CCS technology is still in the early stage in China.In addition to problems common in the development of CCS technology,China is facing some other obstacles in developing this technology,such as the lack of top-level designs and management,the absence of a development roadmap and the lack of strategic guidance and systematic assessment.In addition,CCS technology has some uncertainties and is very expensive.China needs to develop and impose a package of policies and regulations to ensure smooth CCS demonstration and deployment on a commercial scale,innovate in system,mechanism and policy,develop its own CCS roadmap,prepare for the upgrade of power plants and other industrial facilities and the introduction of CCS,and strengthen international cooperation in this area.