浙江省突发公共事件后公众心理卫生状况调查分析

Analysis of the mental health status of the general public in Zhejiang Province after public emergencies

目的了解浙江省突发公共事件后公众心理卫生状况及应对方式,为制定突发公共事件公众心理干预策略提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,按一定的年龄结构抽取15～60岁居民为调查对象。用卫生部项目办统一设计的问卷,由经过统一培训的调查员入户进行调查。应用SPSS软件包进行统计和分析。结果共调查1551人,调查对象近两年经历影响最大的突发公共事件主要为5.12大地震(51.4%)、台风灾害(18.5%)和毒奶粉事件(7.6%);其中突发公共事件直接受害者、现场目击者和参与救援的人员占29.0%;感觉突发公共事件对自己的情绪/心理有较大影响者占17.4%。调查对象中文化程度高、年龄较小者和丧偶者积极应对方式得分较高,但也有调查对象采取被动消极和逃避的方法;突发公共事件后主动寻求专业人员心理咨询的人仅为2.8%。结论根据不同人群采取有针对性的干预方法,并建立科学应对突发公共事件的公众心理危机干预模式意义重大。

Objective To investigate the mental health and psychological responses of the general public in Zhejiang Province after public emergencies and to provide references for its psychological intervention.Methods Residents aged from 15 to 60 years were stratified cluster sampled according to the age struction of population,and investigated by standardized trained interviewers using uniform questionaire designed by project office in Ministry of Health.Software SPSS was employed for statistical analyses.Results Up to 51.4%,18.5% and 7.6% of the 1551 residents interviewed in this study reported the most powerful public emergencies for them in recent two years were Wenchuan Earthquate of 12 May 2008,typhoon and poison-milk-powder incident,respectively.Totally 29.0% of the interviewees were victims,vitnesses or rescuers of the public emergencies.Those who reported negative psychological impact suffered from public emergencies accouted for 17.4% of the interviewees,but only 2.8% of the interviewees sought for psychological interventions from professionals.For those well educated,young and widowed,most of them scored higher in positive coping while part of them preferred passive and evasive action.Conclusion It is of great significance to make specialiezed interventions for differenert population and establish rational model for public psychological intervention against public emergencies.