如何有效提高小学生的阅读效果——基于图片呈现方式的研究与启示

Comprehension Achievement: An Investigation Based on Picture Presentation Mode

直观的图片材料如何呈现，才能有效提高不同阅读水平儿童的阅读效果？通过研究我们发现，图片一语音结合呈现方式对小学生（尤其对低阅读水平学生）阅读效果的提高影响最为明显，而对于高阅读水平的小学生，材料呈现方式的改进能有效降低其认知负荷水平，但不能显著改善其阅读成绩。这一结论对小学语文教材与教学具有重要的指导意义：在教材设计上，插图的配置要与教学目标相一致，符合课文内容本身的特点，并与相应的文字内容保持空间位置的临近；在教学方面，则要根据学生的认知特点，优化多媒体材料的呈现方式，加强对学生使用图片的指导，并充分考虑学生个体差异，针对不同阅读水平的学生采用不同的图片呈现方式。

How to present the audio-visual picture to promote pupil＇s reading comprehension？ It is found that, in general, pieture sound presentation is the best mode to improve pupil＇s reading comprehension, to those who have high reading comprehension ability, innovation of presentation mode can effectively decrease their cognitive load, but it can not improve their reading comprehension achievement. These results are very helpful to the instruction of pupil＇s reading comprehension. In the prtxx^ss of textbook design, the assignment of the pictures should be in consistent with the teaching goals and the contents and be near to the words d the textbooks. In the process of teaching, teachers are supposed to optimize the presentation of multi-media materials and give guidance to students＇ using pictures according to students＇ cognitive characteristics, meanwhile, teachers should use different picture presentation methods to different reading levels of students.