当代中国伊斯兰教义学研究的问题与反思

Problems of and Reflections on the Studies of the Science of Islamic Theology in Contemporary China

伊斯兰教义学源自"凯拉姆"一词,是穆斯林在以理性思辨的方式阐释信仰的过程中形成的一门伊斯兰教传统学科。伊斯兰教义学一直为中国穆斯林所重视,是明清以来经堂教育和汉文译著的主要内容。当代中国学者对于伊斯兰教义学的研究直至20世纪80年代才逐渐恢复,其研究方法局限在于"哲学研究"的框架内。自2000年进入"发展-转型"期以来,伊斯兰教义学研究出现了新的变化,不仅出现了一批新成果,而且逐渐正视伊斯兰教义学的宗教特质,而不再单纯局限在哲学研究范围内,其中一些研究体现出教内人士教义学研究特有的宗旨与关怀。其他传统伊斯兰教以及现代人文学科与社会科学都对当代伊斯兰教义学及教义学研究提出了重大挑战,但这些挑战蕴含着两者自我超越与自我转化的契机。

Kalam or Islamic theology is one of the traditional Islamic subjects,which is the Muslims’explanation of Islamic faith to both insiders and outsiders through reason and logic.While Kalam was regarded as momentous in＂Mosque Education＂and＂Indigenized Writing and Translation Movement＂by Chinese Muslim scholars which initiated in Ming and Qing dynasty,it is only after 1980s’that the study of Kalam by contemporary Chinese scholars begins.At first,the study of Kalam is regarded as one of the branches of philosophy study and its religious meaning is totally ignored.After 2000,some new achievements and tendencies appeared in this field.Philosophical approach is no longer the only way to study Kalam.Some articles and books written by Muslim scholars show the authors’vivid religious concern.The study of Kalam in contemporary China still has a long way to go.The challenges are both from other traditional Islamic subjects and modern humanities and social sciences.