论司法确认

A Discussion on Judicial Confirmation

司法确认是诉调对接的关键环节,是中国司法实践中的制度创新。通过司法确认程序确认人民调解协议的效力,赋予司法确认书执行力,其依据在于特定民事权益的可处分性、当事人的合意和程序的正当性;司法确认程序从性质上讲应当属于非讼程序,该制度建立的目的在于对人民调解协议效力的保障,而不是以司法"替代"人民调解;人民调解协议在社会生活中的实现,应当主要是当事人的自觉履行,而不应是通过司法确认取得确认书之后的国家强制执行。目前法律与司法解释对司法确认程序只进行了原则性规定,由此引发的诸如司法确认程序的性质、适用案件类型、审查范围、效力与救济等问题都有待从理论上进一步探讨。

Judicial confirmation plays a critical part in connecting litigation and mediation,which can be deemed as institutional innovation in judicial practice in China.The legal basis for confirming legal effect of the People＇s Mediation Agreement through judicial confirmation process and granting the enforcement of judicial confirmation is certain disposable civil rights and interests,agreement between the Parties and legitimacy of the procedure.In essence,judicial confirmation process should belong to a non-litigation procedure.The objective of establishing this system is to ensure the effect the People＇s Mediation Agreement rather than to replace people＇s mediation with judicial process.The People＇s Mediation Agreement should be realized in social activities mainly through the Parties＇ voluntary performance rather than through national enforcement after obtaining the confirmation in judicial confirmation process.The existing law and judicial interpretation only provide principal regulations for judicial confirmation process,thereby requiring a further theoretical exploration on many issues surrounding the judicial confirmation process,such as the nature,scope of accepting cases,scope of review,legal effect and relief.