论客观归责中危险的判断方法——“以行为时全体客观事实为基础的一般人预测”之提倡

A Discussion on the Judgement Method of Danger in the Objective Imputation

危险的判断方法是刑法中客观归责理论的核心问题之一。关于危险判断的基础,德国通行的"一般人认识+行为人特别认识"的事实认定模式既存在种种难以克服的弊端和缺陷,又无法真正得到现代目的理性犯罪论体系和不法领域内普遍化的决定规范理论的支持,故应将行为当时存在的全部客观事实作为危险判断的资料。在此基础之上,应当站在行为当时具有正常智力和知识水平的社会理性人、而非自然科学的立场之上,根据一般的经验法则来进行危险预测。

The criterion of the risk is one of the core questions of criminal law.With regard to the basis of the criterion of the risk,the general view of the German academic taking ＂the knowledge of normal people ＋ the special knowledge of the perpetrator＂ model.However,this model is not only full of defects,but cannot also really be supported by the modern teleological rationality theory of criminal law system（das zweckrationale Strafrechtssystem） and the universalized decisive normative theory（Bestimmungsnorm） in illegitimacy＇s theory field.Therefore,we should take all the objective facts existing at the time when the crime was committed as the criterion of risk.Besides,we should take the stand of social reasonable people with normal mentality and knowledge at the time when the crime was committed,rather the stand of nature science,to anticipate the risk according to the rule of thumb.