滴灌对干旱区绿洲防护林土壤盐分的淋洗作用

Leaching salinity effect of drip irrigation on soil of oasis shelter forests in arid area

为了探清滴灌对防护林地土壤水盐分布、不同滴灌年限林地根系分布、不同滴头距离处理下土壤盐分淋洗特征的影响,采用了野外监测方法,在喀拉米吉镇绿洲进行了对比试验。结果表明,目前的灌溉制度基本没有阻碍林木根系生长,但根系分布在滴灌作用下有上移的趋势。建议:塔里木河下游绿洲沙枣防护林在前几年种植中,可选择较窄的滴头距离淋洗土壤盐分;虽然滴灌在第1、2、3年对盐分的影响深度基本没有阻碍根系的生长,且随着林龄的增长,滴灌年限越大,淋洗深度越大,但是滴灌对根系周围的洗盐作用是局部范围内的,建议每年进行1次大水漫灌。

For clarifying the effect of irrigation on distribution characteristics of soil water and salinity and extending scope of root in condition of different distance of emitter,different irrigated years and different forest age,open country monitoring method,was used this paper carried out the comparison test in Kalamiji oasis in the lower reaches of Tarim River,northwest of China.The results showed that：the growth of forestry root was not hampered under the present irrigation schedule,but the root distribution moved up under the drip irrigation.This paper proposed that：production in the future,narrow distance of emitter could been use in most recent several years planter which may leach salinity apparently;Although the effect depth of drip irrigation in previous three years basically has not hindered the root growth of Elaeagnus angustifolia and the more years of irrigation the deeper of leaching depth following the age of forest,the leaching scope where the shelter forest root extending is partial,the suggestion spate flooding irrigation once a year.