基于国际人力资本流动视角的中印技术创新模式比较研究

A Comparative Analysis of the Mode of Technology Innovation between China and India:From the Perspective of International Human Capital Flows

文章通过构建企业创新生产函数并引入国际人力资本流动因素,对中印两国技术创新的影响因素进行计量分析,并重点考察了国际人力资本流动的作用。实证结果表明,中国的技术创新主要来自高研发投入和以FDI技术溢出为代表的国际技术扩散,而印度则更多地依赖国际人力资本流动引致的技术创新、内需及制度方面的政府支持,以FDI为代表的国际技术扩散对其技术创新作用甚微。印度在国际人力资本流动推动技术创新方面比中国更具优势,中国技术创新模式虽然取得了一定成绩,但与印度依靠人才国际化推动创新的模式相比潜力相对不足。

By introducing human capital flows into the function of enterprises innovation,this paper examines factors of innovation in China and India,with an emphasis on the role of international human capital flows.Results showed that technology innovation in China mainly depended on R&D investment and international technology diffusion represented by FDI technology spillovers,whereas India relied little on international technology diffusion but more on innovation brought by international human capital flows,domestic demand and government support.As for the effect of international human capital flows on technology innovation,India is more competitive than China.Although China has made some achievements in the mode of technological innovation,the developing potential of China has not been realized as it has in India,where innovation mode relied on the migration of international talents.