深空探测自动采样机构的特点及应用

Characteristics and Applications of Automatic Sampling Mechanisms for Deep Space Exploration

利用自动采样机构获取星体表面土壤或岩石样品,并将收集到的样品返回实验室进行分析研究是我国未来深空探测需要解决的关键技术。文章分析了深空探测自动采样机构应用及研发的现状,将采样机构分为挖取式自动采样机构、钳取式自动采样机构、研磨式自动采样机构、钻取式自动采样机构及其它新型采样机构几种类型,分别论述了这些深空探测自动采样机构的结构组成和工作原理,从多个方面分析和比较了采样机构的特点和适用条件。从获得样品科学需求的角度,分析了未来采样机构的发展趋势,结合钻取式自动采样机构可保留样品原位性的特点和我国探月任务总体规划,提出了月面自动采样机构发展及应用的建议,为我国探月工程中的月面自动采样提供技术参考。

Using automatic sampling mechanism to get soil or rock samples on other planets and returning the samples to the earth lab for research,are the key technique in deep space exploration.In this paper,the application and development of automatic sampling mechanisms are analyzed,and the structures and principles of automatic sampling mechanisms for deep space explorations are discussed.The automatic sampling mechanisms are divided into scoop,pincer,abrasion and drilling sampling mechanism.The characteristics and applications of these automatic sampling mechanisms are analyzed and compared in several aspects.The development trend of automatic sampling mechanisms is analyzed according to the scientific requirements for samples.By taking into account the characteristic of getting the original sample and the programming of China lunar explorations,the suggestions of development and application of the lunar automatic sampling mechanisms are put forward for China lunar exploration project.