从韵律结构看形容词

Rhythmic Structures and Adjectives in Chinese

从韵律结构来看,形容词在语法结构中表现出跟名词和动词不一样的组合特点,令人费解。以往研究所存在的问题在于过分看重名、动、形之间的区别,预设汉语里名、动、形跟英语等印欧语一样是三个分立的、互斥的类。其实汉语里首先重视的是"大名词"和"摹状词"的区别,"大名词"里包括动词和形容词,"大名词"通过重叠形成"摹状词"。形容词的双音化是一种"准重叠"手段,双音形容词也具有摹状词的性质。按照这个新认识,在划分形容词内部小类的时候应该拿单音双音的区分作为首要的标准。最后说明汉语的形容词在"词类地图"上表现出来的多重性。

Adjectives display a distribution different from nouns and verbs in rhythmic structures,a problem is still difficult to solve.The problem is rooted in the misunderstanding of the division of nouns,verbs and adjectives in Chinese.In this language,unlike Indo-European languages,verbs and adjectives belong to a super-noun category in opposition to the category of depictives,which are formed through reduplication of members of the super-noun.The disyllabization of adjectives is a quasi-reduplication also making adjectives depictives.This new understanding of word classes in Chinese leads us to divide subcategories among adjectives using mono-vs.di-syllable as the primary criterion.The multiple properties of Chinese adjectives are illustrated on a word class map in the typological perspective.