滇池西岸4种针叶林的土壤微生物与酶活性

Soil Microbes and Enzyme Activities in Four Types of Coniferous Forests in West Bank of Dianchi Lake,Kunming

采用实地调查与室内实验分析相结合,对位于高原湿地滇池西岸森林公园现存4种针叶林:云南松、华山松+云南油杉混交、云南油杉、柏树的林下土壤微生物特征及酶活性进行研究。结果表明:4种针叶林中,土壤微生物数量差异性显著,呈现出从混交林到纯林逐渐减少趋势。在微生物区系组成中,细菌占绝对优势,放线菌次之,真菌最少,且均随着土层的加深而逐渐减少。华山松+油杉混交林表层土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶活性均大于其它纯林,而蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶活性则分别是油杉纯林和柏树林最大,4种酶均随着土层的加深而逐渐减少。相关性分析表明:细菌与蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶呈正相关关系,而与蛋白酶、脲酶呈负相关关系;真菌与4种酶均呈显著及极显著正相关关系;放线菌与蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶显著相关,而与蛋白酶相关性不显著。细菌与放线菌呈现正相关关系,而与真菌呈现负相关关系,蔗糖酶与过氧化氢酶和脲酶存在极显著或显著正相关关系。4种针叶林中,华山松+油杉混交林在当地具有明显的优势,可以明显地改善林地内土壤微生物状况和酶活性,提高林地肥力。

An experiment was conducted to study the soil microbes and enzyme activities of four types of coniferous forests in Dianchi Forest Park,Kunming through field investigation and laboratory analysis.A significant difference in the quantity of soil microbes was observed,indicating a gradually decreasing trend from the mixed forest to the pure forest.In the microbial composition,bacteria are dominated,followed by actinomyces and fungi in order.The quantities of soil microbes all decrease with soil depth.The activities of invertase and urease in the surface soil in Pinus armandii＋Keteleeria evelyniana mixed forest are higher than those in other pure forests,while protease activity and catalase activity are the highest in K.evelyniana forest and Cupressus duclouxiana forest,respectively.Correlation analysis shows that bacteria are positively correlated with invertase and catalase,but negatively correlated with protease and urease.A significant or highly significant positive correlation was found between fungi and the four enzymes.Actinomyces are significantly correlated with invertase,urease and catalase,but weakly correlated with protease.Bacteria are positively related to actinomyces,but negatively related to fungi.There is an extremely significant or significant positive correlation between invertase,catalase and urease.P.armandii＋K.evelyniana forest has obvious advantages in increasing soil microbes and enzyme activities;thereby it can improve soil fertility of forest land.