环境铅污染对儿童神经行为功能的影响

Effects of Environmental Lead Pollution on Children Neurobehavioral Function

目的探讨低浓度血铅水平对儿童神经行为功能的影响。方法于2008年选择某铅锌冶炼厂周边污染程度不同的2所小学168名学生作为研究对象(污染区:A校,97人;清洁区:B校,71人),进行问卷调查,以石墨炉原子吸收法检测血铅含量,计算机化神经行为评价系统中文第三版(NES-C3)进行儿童神经行为功能测试。结果学校A儿童血铅水平显著高于学校B(P<0.01)。单因素分析和多元回归分析均显示学校A儿童视觉保留、线条判断的神经行为能力指数(NAI)低于学校B儿童,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血铅水平与儿童神经行为功能NAI进行Spearman相关性分析,血铅水平与视觉保留NAI间存在显著负相关(P<0.01)。结论环境铅污染对儿童神经行为功能会产生一定影响。

Objective To investigate the effects of lead exposure on children＇s neurobehavioral function.Methods Two primary schools were chosen for the field study.School A and school B located at the high pollution area and the clear area,respectively.Questionnaire survey was carried out to learn basic information.Blood lead concentration was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.Neurobehavioral function was tested with NES-C3.Results The blood lead levels of exposure group（school A） were significantly higher than those of control group（school B）（P0.01）.The NAI in visual retention,lines discrimination in school A was significantly lower than that in school B（P0.05）.The NAI in visual retention was negatively related with blood lead levels（P0.01）.Conclusion Lower blood lead levels may induce the damage of children＇s neurobehavioral function.