不同地区已婚育龄妇女生殖道感染及其多水平影响因素分析

Prevalence and Multilevel Determinants of Reproductive Tract Infection among Married Women in Different Rural Regions

目的了解我国中等发达地区已婚育龄妇女的生殖道感染(RTI)状况、分布及相关影响因素,探讨相应的预防措施和策略。方法按省、县、乡、村分层整群抽样方法在我国中等发达的9个省市进行抽样,调查样本点全部家庭及20～49岁已婚育龄妇女,了解她们家庭居住和生活状况、个人特征以及生殖健康状况。以对象自报的生殖道感染(RTI)症状为分析指标,进行单因素和多水平logistic回归分析。结果在被访的12426名妇女中,28.5%过去一年曾出现RTI症状,以外阴瘙痒和阴道异味分泌物报告率最高。农村、年龄偏大、文化程度低、务农、绝育妇女、家庭卫生条件差、个人卫生习惯差的对象RTI发病率较高。不同地区之间,华中、西南地区RTI发病率高于其他地区。结论农村已婚妇女RTI感染率较高,且不同地区、不同特征妇女存在较大差异。女性RTI防治重点在农村、高龄、文化低、家庭卫生条件差及个人卫生习惯差的对象。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of reproductive tract infection（RTI） among married women in different rural areas of China and to explore multilevel determinants associated with risks of women＇s RTI.Methods By using stratified,random cluster sampling methods,17 townships and 36 rural villages and urban neighborhoods were sampled from 9 provinces,which social,economic development were at middle level of China.Structured questionnaire was used to investigate married women aged between 20 and 49 year-old at study sites.Information on family living conditions,economic status,participants＇ background,hygiene habits,reproductive and contraception history,symptoms of RTI during last 12 mouths etc were collected.Multilevel logistic regression was used to explore potential risk factors of women＇s RTI.Results A total of 12789 married women who were at reproductive age were identified.Of them,12426 were interviewed.About 28.5% of respondents reported one or more symtoms of RTI during last 12 months.Vulva itching and abnormal odor of vaginal discharge were the most common symptoms,each accounting for 17% of all respondents,respectively.Women who lived in rural areas with less sanitation,the older with poor education,those who were farmers and used sterilization for contraception were associated with higher risk of RTIs.The central and southwest regions of China have higher prevalence of RTIs than other parts.Conclusion The prevalence of female was high and varied between regions and between women with different characteristics.RTI prevention campaign should pay more attention on women who live in less developed rural areas with poor sanitation,the older with poor hygiene habit and less educated.