城乡统筹与农村集体土地产权制度改革

The Coordination Urban Growth between Rural Development, and the Reform of the System of the Property Right of the Rural Collective Land

长期以来,由于农村集体土地产权不清和产权制度的激励约束等功能的缺失,农村土地资源配置低效、农民权益受损问题较为严重。城乡统筹发展、加快形成城乡经济社会一体化发展新格局,是调整经济结构、转变发展方式、促进经济转型升级的重要内容和着力点,也是扩大内需的重要引擎。城乡统筹要求改变城乡二元基础制度,从制度上建立新型的城乡关系,让城乡要素以价格信号进行流动,同时农民权益能够得到保护并分享工业化、城市化要素价值增值收益。土地资源是农村的重要资源,如何通过土地制度创新,充分发挥土地制度的激励约束以及资源配置的功能,促进资源优化配置、保护农民权益,成为当前的热点和难点问题。本文尝试从城乡统筹角度出发提出集体土地产权改革方向,构建土地产权体系,完善产权制度功能,实现土地配置效率和公平的统一。最后从土地立法、规划管理、相关配套改革等方面提出相关政策建议。

Because, for a long time, the property right of the rural collective land has not been put clearly and because of the lack of the function of incentive and control in the property right system, the allocation of the rural land resources has been inefficient and farmers right and interest has long been seriously damaged. Coordinating the rural development with the urban development and quickening the formation of a new pattern of the integrative development are the important contents and emphasis to be put, in the adjustment of the economic structure, in the change in the mode of development, and in the promotion of upgrading the economic transition, on one hand, on the other, are an important engine in expanding the domestic demand. The above-mentioned coordinating demands the change in the urban-rural dual basic system, the establishment of, from the perspective of systems, a new type of relationship between cities and villages, allowing urban and rural production factors to flow in accordance with the price signal, and guaranteeing farmers to share the income brought out by the value appreciation of the factors of industrialization and urbanization. Land resources are important resources in the rural area. How to fully play, through the innovation of the land reform, the role of the inspiration and the restraint of the land reform and the role of the resources allocation to promote the optimization of the resources allocation and to protect farmers' right and interests, has become a hot topic and a difficult problem. In this paper, we have tried to point out, from the angle of the above-mentioned coordinating, the orientation of the reform of the property right of the collective land, to construct the system of the land property right, to perfect the function of the system of the property right, and to realize the integration of the efficiency of the land allocation with equality. Finally, we have put forward, from the perspective of the land legislation, the management of planning, and the related supporting reform, our suggestions about relevant polices.