明治日本的漢學論與近代“中國文學”學科之發端

On the Relationship between Meiji Japan’s Kangaku Opinion and the Inauguration of the Modernized Chinese Literature Discipline

近代東亞學科秩序的建立,伴隨着學術勢力之升降,並以區域政治環境爲背景。明治日本＂支那文學＂學科的發端,不僅是西學分科觀念的産物,更可視作明治20年代國粹保存運動的延伸,受到起源於民間輿論的漢學經世論的影響。甲午戰爭爆發後,日本漢學再度遭到衝擊,學院派主張學術與政治分離,在野政論家則强調研究中國現狀。1890年帝國大學漢學科開始招生,湧現了一批既具備西學素養,又飽含政治關懷,從事於文明批評的少壯漢學者。他們在吸收歐洲東方學,開拓研究新領域的同時,更强調＂東洋學風＂干預現實的精神,内化了＂文明論＂的觀點,從而發明出一種傳授或建構＂中國文學＂的有效模式。

After the Meiji Restoration,the import of western academic subjects brought about the decline of Chinese Learning (Kangaku漢學)in Japan.However,during the second ten years of the Meiji period,the Japanese Nationalist Movement revived Kangaku as an object of academic study.The outbreak of the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894 also had influence upon the fate of Kangaku.Scholars in Imperial University laid a special emphasis on academism,while the opinion leaders were requesting more enthusiasms for the research of contemporary China.Since 1890,the Kangaku-ka(漢學科) in Imperial University had cultivated a series of talents with both the knowledge of western humanities and the deep concerns to the social reality,who were called 'New Kangaku Researchers'.