农村留守儿童主观幸福感与公正世界信念的关系研究

On the Relationship Between Left-at-home Rural Children's Subjective Well-Being and Their Belief in a Just World

为考查农村留守儿童主观幸福感(生活满意度,积极/消极情感)与公正世界信念的关系,采用公正世界信念问卷,生活满意度问卷和积极/消极情感问卷,选取5-8年级565名留守儿童和640名非留守进行调查。结果表明:(1)留守儿童主观幸福感各成分得分显著低于非留守儿童,留守儿童内部主观幸福感各成分上年级差异显著,性别差异仅存在消极情感上,而留守时间上差异不显著。(2)留守儿童的公正世界信念得分显著低于非留守儿童,高年级留守女生的公正世界信念得分显著高于低年级女生。(3)公正世界信念与主观幸福感的各成分显著相关,其对生活满意度和积极情感具有显著的正向预测作用,对消极情感具有显著的负向预测作用。这表明公正世界信念是影响主观幸福感的重要内部因素之一。

This article aims to probe into the characteristics of the belief in a just world from left-at-home rural children（those rural children left at home by their parents seeking employment in cities）,as well as the effect of such a belief on their subjective well-being（life satisfaction,and positive/negative affect）,by using questionnaires to test 565 left-at-home children and 640 children who stay at home with their parents after school,chosen among primary or secondary school students through Grade Five to Grade Eight.The findings show the following：（1） The left-athome children scored significantly lower than those who stay at home with their parents after school in the components of subjective well-being;the left-at-home children from different grades showed a significant difference in their well-being;their well-being showed a significant gender difference in negative affect,and an insignificant difference in the period of time without parental care.（2） The left-at-home children scored significantly lower in their belief in a just world than the children who stay at home with their parents after school;the left-at-home girls in higher grades scored significantly higher in their belief in a just world than the left-at-home girls in lower grades.（3） The belief in a just world,which is significantly correlated with the components of subjective well-being,can be used to positively predict life satisfaction and positive affect,and negatively predict negative affect.All this indicates that the belief in a just world is one of the important internal factors that have an effect on subjective well-being.