急诊室职业性手外伤患者的特点分析

An epidemiological investigation of acute occupational hand injuries

目的了解北京地区手外伤发生、构成、分布及其影响因素。方法对2005年4月1日至9月3013间在北京积水潭医院就诊的所有职业性手外伤患者进行问卷调查，分析其流行病学特点。结果共2658例职业性手外伤患者，占骨科急诊的17．3％（2658／15323），占手外伤患者的50．8％（2658／5233），平均年龄为（30．4±10．8）岁，男：女为5．7：1，就诊距受伤时间为2．6h。受伤患者多是与机器或工具操作有关的行业。损伤以压砸伤（43．9％）和切割伤（36．9％）最常见。损伤以双侧示指和中指最易受累。94．9％为开放性损伤，87．6％的患者合并有深层组织损伤。结论职业性手外伤仍是一种高发损伤，主要发生在青壮年男性，尤其在机器和工具操作相关的职业，需要从多方面着手进行预防。

Objective To study composition, distribution and causes of acute occupational hand injuries in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital. Methods From April 1st 2005 to September 30th 2005, all patients with acute hand injuries were investigated by questionnaire focusing on all related epidemiological elements. Results Two thousand six hundred fifty eight cases with acute hand injuries were about 17.3 % of patients with acute orthopedic injuries. Their mean age was （30.4±10.8） years old. The radio of males to females in cases with acute hand injuries was 57：1. The cutting and crushing injuries were the main causes of acute hand injuries. Most of cases with acute hand injuries were engaged in work related to machines. The acute hand injuries were mainly involved in index and middle figures of both hands, 94.9 % of acute hand injuries were opening, and 87.6% of acute hand injuries were involved in the deep tissues. Conclusion Acute hand injuries are the common occupational severe injuries for young male workers. The acute hand injuries occur in patients engaged in work related to machines. The prevention of acute hand injuries should be emphasized.