黑麦草内生真菌对植物病原真菌生长的影响

Effects of fungal endophytes from perennial ryegrass on the growth of plant pathogens

为确定黑麦草内生真菌及其发酵产物对病原真菌生长的影响,从不同品种的多年生黑麦草（Lolium pe-renne）（爱神特、美达丽、顶峰和球道）中分离出N-A1、N-M2、N-P2和N-F1共4株Neotyphodium属的内生真菌菌株,分别采用平板对峙培养、菌落生长及孢子萌发等方法对细交链孢（Alternaria alternata）、小麦根腐离蠕孢（Bipolaris sorokiniana）、新月弯孢霉（Curvularialunata）和德氏霉（Drechslerasp.）等病原真菌进行室内生物测定。结果表明,在平板对峙培养中,不同内生真菌对同一种病原菌的抑制作用不同,不同病原菌对同一内生真菌的敏感程度表现出差异,4株内生真菌对各病原菌的抑制率范围依次为42.51%~46.25%、31.45%~43.97%、34.51%~46.55%和40.19%~46.62%。在对病原菌的生物测定中,4株内生真菌的发酵产物均可抑制病原菌的生长,N-F1菌株的抑菌效果显著高于其他3株内生真菌（P〈0.05）,对小麦根腐离蠕孢的菌落生长和孢子萌发表现出较强的抑制作用,抑制率分别达到57.20%和86.60%。

In this paper,we evaluated the effects of 4 strains of endophytic fungi and their fermented products on the growth of 4 plant pathogens.The four strains of endophytic fungi were N-A1,N-M2,N-P2 and N-F1 which were isolated from 4 cultivars of perennial ryegrass,Accent,Medary,Pinnacle and Fairway respectively.The 4 plant pathogens were Alternaria alternata,Bipolaris sorokiniana,Curvularia lunata and Drechslera sp..The 4 strains of endophytic fungi were incubated with the pathogens by the dual-culture.The spores germination and colonies growth speed of plant pathogen were measured under dual-culture test and with and without the apply of endophytic fungi fermented products.The results showed that the growth of four pathogenic fungi were inhibited by endophytic fungi and the inhabitation of the endophyte were different to different pathogenic fungi.The inhibition of endophytic fungi to the pathogens were between 42.51%~46.25%,31.45%~43.97%,34.51%~46.55% and 40.19%~46.62% respectively.The fermented products of four endophytic fungi obviously inhibited all pathogenic fungi colonies growth and spores germination,of which,N-F1 had the strongest inhibiting activity than that of the other endophytes（P0.05）,and also,the fermented products of N-F1 showed strong inhibition on colonies growth and spores germination of Bipolaris sorokiniana,the rate of inhibition were 57.20% and 86.60% respectively.