纤维素分解功能菌及其在草业系统界面中的利用潜势

Resources of cellulose decomposition function microbes and its utilization potential in grassland system interfaces

草业系统界面论完善了草业科学的理论,为分析草业生产中系统耦合和系统相悖提供了新的方法论。本研究就国内外关于纤维素分解功能菌方面的相关报道,从纤维素分解菌的物种资源、微生物分泌的纤维素酶资源、纤维素酶基因资源3个方面总结纤维素分解功能菌的资源优势。以系统论和草业系统界面论为理论依据,从草地农业系统中的3个界面,即草丛-地境界面(A)、草地-动物界面(B)和草畜-经营管理界面(C),分析纤维素分解功能菌资源在草业系统中的利用潜势,认为纤维素分解功能菌在土壤有机质分解、资源循环利用、环境保护、缓解草畜矛盾等方面具有一定的应用前景。并提出3个发展方向:1)继续以生态学研究为基础,研究纤维素分解菌多样性和生态功能的相互关系;2)选育对牧草及农作物秸秆具有高效降解作用的优良菌株,通过非传统的农业方法来解决家畜养殖中的饲料来源;3)促进家畜-作物系统深度耦合,维持整个草地农业生态系统有机协调地持续发展。

The grassland system interface theory provided a new methodology to analyze system coupling and discordance in the grassland agro-ecosystem,and made the theory system of grass science more perfect.This paper reviewed the research advances in the cellulose decomposition function microbes from three aspects which included species resources,enzyme resources and gene resources,according to relevant reports.Based on the system theory and the grassland system interface theory,the utilization potential of cellulose decomposition function microbe resources in grassland system was analyzed from three major interfaces of grassland agro-ecosystem,namely,plant-site interface（A）,grassland-animal interface（B） and grassland and livestock-management interface（C）.Present study concluded that cellulose decomposition function microbe may have good prospects to apply in areas of soil organic matter decomposition,resources cyclic utilization,environmental protection and relieve contradiction of grassland and livestock.Some suggestions for further research were given as follows： 1） The diversity and ecological functions of cellulose decomposition microbes on the foundation of ecological research should be further studied;2） To solve the forage sources of livestock breeding through non-traditional method,isolation and screening of straw cellulose-decomposing microbes strains is necessary;3） Maintain the grassland agro-ecosystem sustainable development by further promoting livestock-crops system coupling.