跨国外包对我国制造业就业的影响效应

Impact of Transnational Outsourcing on Manufacturing Employment in China

本文运用我国1996—2008年28个制造业面板数据检验了参与跨国外包对制造业就业的影响。研究发现,跨国外包促进了我国制造业就业增长,而且服务外包对就业拉动作用大于制造外包。跨国外包对制造业就业规模正面影响存在行业差异,其中对高技术产业影响程度最大,其次是中等技术行业,最后是低技术行业。不论服务外包还是制造外包都不能显著地提升我国制造业的就业结构。实证结果所蕴含的政策启示在于:我国不能仅仅依靠参与跨国外包缓解就业压力,更为重要的是通过加快产业转型与升级以切实提高本土产业对劳动力的吸纳能力。

The paper tests the impact of transnational outsourcing on manufacturing employment using 28 manufacturing panel data of China from 1996 to 2008.The authors find that transnational outsourcing can promote job growth and the stimulating effect of service outsourcing on employment is greater than that of manufacturing outsourcing.Positive effects of transnational outsourcing show industry differences.The greatest influence is imposed on high-tech industries,followed by medium technology industries and finally the low-tech industries.Neither service outsourcing nor manufacturing outsourcing can significantly improve employment structure.Empirical results imply that China can not rely solely on participation in transnational outsourcing to ease the employment pressure.More importantly,China should improve the absorptive capacity of employment by accelerating industry transition and upgrading.