中美制造业发展百年对比研究

Comparison of Manufacturing Development Between China and the United States in the Last Century

文章从政策环境、技术创新与应用、人才培养与引进以及市场开发四个方面分析了美国制造业在19世纪末20世纪初迅速发展、并长期保持国际领先地位的主要原因,并在此基础上对比分析了中国制造业的现状。文章认为,中国要成为真正的制造强国,必须坚持改革开放的道路、发展具有自身特色的高新技术产业和采用信息化的科学管理方式,以人为本,不断培养和吸引高端人才。同时,在政策方面要扶持核心产业、保护国内资源;在技术创新方面,要加大科研力度,提升创新质量;在人才方面,要提高教育质量,鼓励留学人才归国、吸引海外高技术人才来华发展;在市场方面,要保持国际市场,激发国内需求。

In this paper,we studied the rise of US manufacturing in the beginning of the 20th century from four aspects： national policy,technology innovation and application,education and immigration,as well as local and international markets.Then,the situations in Chinese manufacturing today are compared.It is considered that China have to keep on reform and opening up,develop high technology with Chinese characteristics,cultivate high level talents.And some useful suggestions are provided.