“托辞”:方玉润的诗学修辞论

Excuse:Fang Yurun's Rhetoric Theory of Poetics

清代滇籍学者方玉润的《诗经原始》在中国传统《诗经》研究中占有极为重要的地位,被誉为清代《诗经》文学读解的扛鼎之作。方氏解《诗经》的诸多精到之处,论者已多有论及;唯其所标举的"托辞"却鲜有人注意到,而"托辞"正是其"原诗人之始意"的重要方法,也是其判定"诗"与"史"之分界及拓展诗之"言外意"的重要手段。当然,"托辞"的泛化也是方氏诗学不可回避的缺陷。

Fang Yurun,Qing Dynasty＇s Yunnan scholar,wrote The Origin of the Book of Songs,which has been considered as the most important works of the literary reading of the Book of Songs and occupies a very important position in Chinese traditional research.Many of Fang＇s precise and penetrating techniques of reading Book of Songs have been addressed by many other scholars,except the concept of EXCUSE.For Fang,Excuse is not only the important measure of ＂finding the poet＇s original meanings＂,but also the important way of defining the boundary between poetry and history,of expanding the ＂illocutionary meaning＂ of poetry.Of course,the generalization of the use of ＂excuse＂ is also the defect of Fang＇s poetic theory.