民国时期的助学贷金制度研究(1920-1937)

A Study on the Student Loan System in the Republic of China(1920-1937)

助学贷金属高等教育的组成部分,1920至1937年间,社会各界意识到贷金既可以资助更多的清寒学子深造,也规避奖学金制的弊端,提高学生的自助和助人的意识;贷金基金来源渠道多元,包括了政府拨款、社会机构和民间人士的捐助以及学校的筹划等;至于请领贷金条件则突出了家境清寒、学业优良和不重复受益等;资助名额以及资助力度等取决于基金的宽裕状况、人才需求以及学生求学成本等因素,偿还方式不尽一致,可见这一时期助学贷金的制度化和规范化水平还有待提高。

Student loan system is an indispensable part of higher education.During 1920-1937,people from all walks of life in the Republic of China realized that student loans would not only assist the impoverished students in pursuing their studies,but also help to overcome the disadvantages of scholarship system,enhancing students' self-improvement as well as their awareness of helping others.At that time,sources of student loans were varied,including government grants,donations from social organizations and the public,as well as funds raised by the schools.And student loan eligibility requirements emphasized the family background and academic performance of the recipient so as to avoid excessive financial aid.The quota on financial aid recipients and final aid amount depended on total funds available,social demands for talents,as well as schooling costs borne by students themselves.Ways of repaying the loans were also varied.As a whole,the student loan system at that time was still far from being standardized and institutionalized.