从乐教源流看儒家德育思想

Evolution of Yuejiao and Confucian Thought on Moral Education

儒家德育思想与中国古代乐教有着密切的关联,梳理乐教源流,可以更为清晰地把握到儒家德育思想的发展与特质。"德"义的萌生源自于远古先民祖先崇拜的礼乐祭典之中,其后周公制礼作乐,倡行乐教,"德"成为"乐"的核心要义。儒家传承礼乐文化,在对乐的体验、认识与运用中,形成了深赋情韵的现实人伦关怀与道德理想,培养了自由无羁、充实光辉的人格精神,以及冲破有限存在,上下与天地同流的超越情怀。儒家德育以乐、德合一为特色,彰显出审美化的道德力量,贯穿于社会人伦关系之中,体现于个体人格修养之中,其思想精粹值得借鉴。

As Confucian thought on moral education is closely associated with 'Yuejiao'(or music education) in ancient China,we could better understand the development and characteristics of the former through a review of the evolution of the latter.The idea of 'De'(or morality) derives from ancestor worship rites in primitive Chinese society,which were characterized by ceremonial music and dancing.Later,in the western Zhou dynasty,special educational institution was set up,where 'De' had become the core meaning of the concept of 'Yue'(or music).Carrying forward the ancient Li-Yue culture,Confucianism focuses on human relations and moral ideals in real life,aiming to cultivate people liberated in the spirit and with glorious personality as well as transcendent horizons,through the experience,recognition and utilization of 'Yue'.Characterized by the integration of 'Yue' and 'De',highlighting the power of aesthetic morality,Confucian moral education embodies itself in human relations in the society as well as individual moral cultivation.Therefore,it is still worth learning now.