HAZID方法浅析

Analyze the method of HAZard IDentification

结合实际工程建设项目开展危险源辨识(HAZID)分析的情况,介绍了HAZID分析方法的广义和狭义概念内涵,主要分析步骤、每步主要工作内容、典型引导词、分析形式和特点,并将HA-ZID方法与常用的过程危险源方法、尤其是HAZOP分析方法进行了对比,以帮助读者更好地理解、运用此方法。本文拟推荐的HAZID分析方法将危险化学品行业的风险管理向前延伸到项目的早期阶段(如项目论证、可行性研究、基础工程设计或初步设计阶段),可以帮助项目组在项目建设早期认识与项目有关的健康、安全、环境(HSE)各方面问题的重要性和相关性,所辨识出的关键危险源及其危险,为下一步有重点、有目的地开展项目HSE风险管理确定了关注重点。在早期阶段进行HAZID分析,还可以有机会以最小的代价实现对项目厂址和总图布置的调整、工艺方案和设计原则的优化,可以避免后期再发现HSE隐患、必须整改时可能存在的不可实施性,或对项目费用、进度等产生严重负面影响。

Extracted from HAZID（HAZard IDentification） analysis practices in ongoing and previous projects,the concept of HAZID analysis in narrow and broad senses,as a risk identification technology,was elaborated in this paper.Its methodology,analysis procedure,work contents for each step in the procedure,typical guidwords or hazards,and application key-points were also introduced.To help readers correctly understand and apply this method,comparisons between HAZID and other commonly used PHA（Process Hazard Analysis） methods,especially HAZOP,were made.The HAZID analysis method was recommended to be used at the early stage of projects（such as project planning,project feasibility study,concept design,FEED（Front End Engineering Design）,and basic engineering design） to identify critical and major HSE（Health,Safety and Evironment） hazards and their potential threats,which gives a full regonization of the importance and interdependence of all HSE aspects at the beginning of the projects and provides a springboard for the development of the project HSE risk management.The method also provides opportunities to change plant location and plot plan,to consider the HSE implications of alternative processes between competing options when selecting process,and to optimize design principles at a very early stage with the lowest cost.