从言语行为理论看中日天气预报用语的差异

The Difference between China and Japan in Weather Forecasting Diction——Seen from the Perspective of the Speech Act Theory

言语行为理论认为人们说话的同时就是在实施某种行为,包括直接言语行为和间接言语行为。作为言语行为的天气预报,传递的多是推断性信息,但其表层结构却并非一定是推断性的。通过对中日两国天气预报用语的比较分析可以发现,日本的天气预报用语多是以"推断(reckon)"表"推断"的直接言语行为,而我国的用语里则存在大量用"陈述(state)"表"推断"的间接言语行为。这种差异主要是由日语和汉语的语言使用特点决定的。

The Speech Act Theory holds the view that when people speak they are performing direct and indirect speech acts.The weather forecast,as a kind of speech act,conveys some inferred information,but its surface structure is thought not to be always inferred.The comparative analysis of the terms employed in both China and Japan weather forecast finds that in Japanese people are liable to use ＂reckoning terms＂ to express the direct speech acts of ＂reckon＂ while in Chinese a large number of indirect speech acts of ＂reckon＂ are expressed by ＂stating terms＂.This difference is primarily decided by the linguistic features of Chinese and Japanese.