整秸秆覆盖免耕对土壤水热状况和玉米生长发育的影响

Effect of Whole Straw-mulching No-tillage on Soil water Content and Temperature and Growth of Maize

设玉米整株秸秆覆盖免耕（T）和传统大田生产（CK）2个处理,比较研究了土壤水热状况、出苗期、出苗率、株高、叶面积、干物质积累、产量及产量性状。结果表明：不同层次的土壤水分含量,整个生育期T处理比CK高2.31%~8.16%,差异显著;土壤温度,出苗期T处理比CK低1.1~1.8℃,差异显著,4叶期后无明显差异;T处理出苗期延长,出苗率较CK高5.7%;地上部干物质积累量,大喇叭口期之前,T处理低于CK,至抽雄吐丝期T处理明显大于CK;株高和单株叶面积,生育前期T处理与CK值相近,生育后期T处理高于CK,至抽雄吐丝期,T处理的单株叶面积高于CK13.2%;2009年T处理和CK的产量为10660.5kg·hm-2和8523.0kg·hm-2,2010年T处理和CK的产量为12140.20kg·hm-2和9937.39kg·hm-2,T处理分别比CK高25.1%和22.17%。

In order to compare the differences of whole straw-mulching no-tillage（T） and normal tillage（CK） the soil water content and temperature,seedling emergence,the rate of germination,plant height,leaf area per plant,dry matter accumulation,yield and yield related characters.Results showed that the soil water content in T treatment was remarkable higher（2.31%~8.16%） than that of CK during the whole growth period.The soil temperature in T treatment was lower（1.1~1.8℃） than that of CK in emergence stage.There was no significant difference between the two treatments after 4 leaves stage.The seedling emergence stage of T treatment was extension and the rate of germination of T treatment higher than that of CK by 5.7%.The shoot dry matter accumulation in T treatment was lower than that of CK before malle trail stage,T treatment was remarkable higher than that of CK at heading and flowering stage.The height and the leaf area per plant in T treatment and CK were similar in the early growth stage,but T treatment was higher than CK in the later growth stage The leaf area per plant of T treatment higher than that of CK by 13.2% at heading and flowering stage.The yield of T treatment and CK were 10660.5 kg·hm-2 and 8523.0 kg·hm-2 in 2009.The yield of T treatment and CK were 12140.20 kg·hm-2 and 9937.39 kg·hm-2 in 2010,higher than that of CK by 25.1% and 22.17%.