水利的依附性:水土关系视阈下的中国农田水利——基于湖北两个村庄的对比研究

The Dependency of Water: China Agro-Water on the Perspective of Water-Land Relations——A Comparative Study of Two Villages in Hubei

借助区域比较的微观考察与政策变迁的宏观分析等方法,通过对湖北三市10个乡镇的深入调查,我们发现当前中国农田水利已经陷入非常危险的困局,并对造成该困局的内在机制展开细致的研究。文章将水土关系操作化为6个参数,并且提出水土关系的本质在于水利的依附性。通过考察水土关系的变迁过程,指出"土地嵌入水利之中"与"水利嵌入土地之中"使得农田水利能够正常运作,而税费改革与体制改革后的"水利与土地相分离"使得水利无法再依附于土地从而得到治理,这是导致当前水利困局的根本原因。因此只有重新将水利附着在土地之上,才能实现真正的水利治理,从而突破当前中国农田水利的困局。

Through in-depth survey of three cities in Hubei, we find that China＇s current agro-water has fallen into a very dangerous dilemma. This paper argues that the root cause of agro-water dilemma is that the agro-water can no longer attached to the land to be governed after the tax reform and structural reform. From the perspective of regional comparison, this article operates the water-lands relation into six parameters, and proposes the nature of the water-lands relation is the dependent of agro-water. Then the paper examines the changes of water-land relations The paper states that ＂land embedded into land＂ and ＂water embedded into land ＂ make the agro-water to be run, and the＂ separation of water and land＂ led to the current agro-water dilemma. At the end, the article discusses the outlet of irrigation agro-water dilemma, which can lead agro-water to be well governed only when the agro-water re-attached to the land.