“小农”概念的界定及其量化研究

A Quantitative Research on Peasant and Its Definition

目前学术界给"小农"一词所下的各种定义,一般都是对其主体进行直观的描述和概括,而缺乏"量的规定性"。小农经济形态的变化,既受不同历史条件下社会生产力发展水平的制约,又受不同国家和不同民族消费需求弹性的影响,但其上限应由农民家庭劳动力的独立经营能力决定,下限由维持一个农民家庭最基本的生存需要决定。我国实行高度分散的家庭承包经营形式,已经超出了一个标准的小农计量单位所允许的最低限度,尚不足以使绝大多数农户过上温饱舒适的小康生活,它所具有的自我激励作用十分有限,必须重新塑造现代农业主体,发展适度规模经营。

The term of ＂peasant＂ has thousands of definatious. In general, the majority of these definations belong to intuitive description or summary limited with quantitive prescription. The changing of peasants＇ economic formation is restricted by the productive forces under different historical conditions as well as by the flexible consumption demands in different countries and nations. The limit ought to be decided by the independently managerial ability of the labors available to rural households, on the contray, the lower should be determined by a household＇ s instinctive needs. China＇ s family-contract operation, which is highly deconcentrated, has gone beyond the lowest limit a standard peasant measurement unit tolerates, not yet adequate to guarantee the overwhelming majority of peasants to live comfortably well-being lives. Since its influnce of self-motivation is limited, subjects of modern agriculture need to be remodeled and a moderate-scaled operation is to be developed.