另一种求索:哈罗德·拉斯基社会主义思想述论

Another quest: Harold Laski's socialism thoughts

哈罗德.拉斯基认为,资本主义由于国家权力过大、过于集中的结构性弊端导致个人自由的被压迫,社会整体活力的被窒息,因此危机现象此起彼伏,必须进行社会和经济改革。自由主义的政治民主,因不触及生产资料的私人占有,因而只停留在政治领域,而未表现在经济领域。要坚持自由、平等、民主的原则,并使这些原则成为现实,就必须变革资本主义,建立社会主义社会。社会主义社会必须使成员之间经济大致平等。唯有确保经济平等和增进人民福利,才能日益形成以全民利益为基础的公正社会。社会主义与民主密不可分,是民主政治的必然结果。民主意味着人人有着同等的政治经济权利,有着同等满足自己政治要求、利益的机会和条件;同时民主原则的承认、民主制度的建立,也意味着民众有权力、有能力、有条件利用政治手段,去增进物质福利、去干预经济生活。实现社会主义的道路有多种,社会主义者应以各自的方式努力为社会主义寻找一条非暴力的、合法渐进的理性路径。

Harold Laski believes that structural defects in capitalist society lie in the fact that state power state power is too large and too concentrated,which must compress individual freedom and stifle the overall vitality of society.So crisis occurs frequently and social and economic reform is imperative.Political democracy of liberalism would leave untouched,and so was private ownership of the means of production,it is only reflected in the political field,but not reflected in the economic field.To uphold principles of freedom,equality,democracy and make them a reality must reform the capitalism and establish the socialist society.Laski insists that a socialist society should ensure an approximate economic equality between its members.Only ensuring economic equality of the people and promoting welfare of that can be gradually socially just on the base of the people＇s interests.Laski believes that socialism and democracy is inseparable,and stresses that socialism is an inevitable result of democracy.He considers that democracy should be seen as an effective political mechanism in a constitutional state.Democracy means that everyone has the equal political and economic rights,the equal opportunities and conditions of meeting his own political demands and interests;At the same time the recognition of democratic principles and establishment of democratic system also means that people have the power,ability,and conditions of using political means to improve material well-being and intervene in economic life.Different roads can be found in the realization of socialism,so socialists should make efforts to seek a non-violent,legal,gradual,rational path in different styles.